Maximum minus minimum#10054

Maximum minus minimum

1 second

64 megabytes

Very easy

Given a positive integer $N$ , calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained by permuting the bits of this number, from the least significant bit to the most significant bit. For instance, consider the number $22$ , which has a binary representation of $1011 0_{2}$ 10110_2. The maximum value from permutations of these bits is $1110 0_{2} = 28$ 11100_2 = 28, and the minimum value is $0011 1_{2} = 7$ 00111_2 = 7. Therefore, the difference is $21$ .

Input

The first line of the input contains the number $N$ ( $0 < N \leq 1 0^{18}$ 0 < N \leq 10^{18}).

Output

Output a single line with the result of the calculation.

Examples

Example 1

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Example 2

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Example 3

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1011 0_{2}

1110 0_{2} = 28

0011 1_{2} = 7

0 < N \leq 1 0^{18}